{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://scischema.org/schemas/materials/solvent-casting/1.0.0/master-schema.json",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "title": "Solvent-Casting for Polymer Composites Process Schema",
  "description": "A schema representing the solvent-casting process for fabricating polymer composite films, including material properties, process parameters, equipment, and output characteristics.",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "metadata": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Additional metadata about the process.",
      "properties": {
        "doi": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for the publication."
        },
        "title": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Title of the publication."
        },
        "journal": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Journal or publication source."
        },
        "year": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Year of the publication."
        },
        "authors": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "description": "List of authors of the paper."
        }
      },
      "unevaluatedProperties": false
    },
    "materials": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Properties related to the materials used in the solvent-casting process.",
      "properties": {
        "polymer_matrix": {
          "type": "array",
          "description": "The continuous phase polymers dissolved in the solvent.",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
              "name": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "Name of the polymer (e.g., PVP, PABS, PVDF, PMMA)."
              },
              "molecular_weight": {
                "type": "object",
                "description": "Molecular weight of the polymer.",
                "properties": {
                  "value": {
                    "type": "number",
                    "description": "Value of the molecular weight."
                  },
                  "unit": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Unit of molecular weight (e.g., g/mol, kDa)."
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "value"
                ]
              },
              "surface_functionalization": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "Surface modification or chemical treatment applied to the polymer (e.g., grafting, plasma treatment)."
              },
              "concentration": {
                "type": "object",
                "description": "Concentration of the polymer in the solution.",
                "properties": {
                  "value": {
                    "type": "number",
                    "description": "Value of the concentration."
                  },
                  "unit": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Unit of concentration (e.g., wt%, mg/mL, vol%)."
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "value",
                  "unit"
                ]
              },
              "key_properties": {
                "type": "array",
                "description": "Other information about the matrix",
                "items": {
                  "type": "object",
                  "properties": {
                    "property_name": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Property name (e.g., Tg, Tm, density, curing agents)."
                    },
                    "value": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Value of the property (can be numeric, range, or descriptive)."
                    },
                    "unit": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Unit of the property."
                    }
                  },
                  "required": [
                    "property_name",
                    "value"
                  ],
                  "unevaluatedProperties": false
                }
              },
              "supplier": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "Manufacturer or supplier of the polymer."
              }
            },
            "required": [
              "name",
              "concentration"
            ],
            "unevaluatedProperties": false
          }
        },
        "dispersed_phase": {
          "type": "array",
          "description": "Fillers or reinforcing materials dispersed in the polymer solution.",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
              "name": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "Name of the filler material (e.g., Mn0.75Fe2.25O4, ZnO, silica, carbon nanotubes)."
              },
              "size": {
                "type": "object",
                "description": "Average particle size or size distribution.",
                "properties": {
                  "value": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Value or range of the particle size (e.g., '5 nm', '20-80 nm')."
                  },
                  "unit": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Unit of particle size (e.g., nm, µm)."
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "value",
                  "unit"
                ]
              },
              "concentration": {
                "type": "object",
                "description": "Concentration of the filler in the solution.",
                "properties": {
                  "value": {
                    "type": "number",
                    "description": "Value of the concentration."
                  },
                  "unit": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Unit of concentration (e.g., wt%, mg/mL, vol%)."
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "value",
                  "unit"
                ]
              },
              "surface_functionalization": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "Description of surface treatment to improve compatibility (e.g., silane coupling, surfactant coating)."
              },
              "supplier": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "Manufacturer or supplier of the polymer."
              },
              "specific_surface_area": {
                "type": "object",
                "description": "Specific surface area of the filler particles.",
                "properties": {
                  "value": {
                    "type": "number",
                    "description": "Value of the specific surface area."
                  },
                  "unit": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Unit of specific surface area (e.g., m²/g)."
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "value",
                  "unit"
                ]
              },
              "crystallite_size": {
                "type": "object",
                "description": "Crystallite size of the filler material.",
                "properties": {
                  "value": {
                    "type": "number",
                    "description": "Value of the crystallite size."
                  },
                  "unit": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Unit of crystallite size (e.g., nm)."
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "value",
                  "unit"
                ]
              },
              "key_properties": {
                "type": "array",
                "description": "Other information about the dispersed_phase",
                "items": {
                  "type": "object",
                  "properties": {
                    "property_name": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Property name (e.g., aspect ratio, shape / morphology)."
                    },
                    "value": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Value of the property (can be numeric, range, or descriptive)."
                    },
                    "unit": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Unit of the property."
                    }
                  },
                  "required": [
                    "property_name",
                    "value"
                  ],
                  "unevaluatedProperties": false
                }
              }
            },
            "required": [
              "name",
              "concentration"
            ],
            "unevaluatedProperties": false
          }
        },
        "solvent_system": {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Solvent(s) used to dissolve the polymer and disperse the fillers.",
          "properties": {
            "solvents": {
              "type": "array",
              "description": "List of solvents used in the system.",
              "items": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                  "name": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Name of the solvent (e.g., DMF, acetone, toluene)."
                  },
                  "boiling_point": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "description": "Boiling point of the solvent.",
                    "properties": {
                      "value": {
                        "type": "number",
                        "description": "Value of the boiling point."
                      },
                      "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Unit of boiling point (e.g., °C, K)."
                      }
                    },
                    "required": [
                      "value"
                    ]
                  },
                  "ratio": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "description": "Volume or weight ratio of the solvent in the mixture.",
                    "properties": {
                      "value": {
                        "type": "number",
                        "description": "Value of the ratio."
                      },
                      "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Unit of ratio (e.g., v/v, w/w)."
                      }
                    },
                    "required": [
                      "value"
                    ]
                  },
                  "supplier": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Manufacturer or supplier of the solvent."
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "name"
                ],
                "unevaluatedProperties": false
              }
            },
            "total_amount": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Total amount of solvent used in the system.",
              "properties": {
                "value": {
                  "type": "number",
                  "description": "Value of the total amount."
                },
                "unit": {
                  "type": "string",
                  "description": "Unit of total amount (e.g., mL, L)."
                }
              },
              "required": [
                "value",
                "unit"
              ]
            }
          },
          "required": [
            "solvents"
          ],
          "unevaluatedProperties": false
        },
        "substrate": {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Substrate onto which the film is cast.",
          "properties": {
            "type": {
              "type": "string",
              "description": "Type of substrate (e.g., silicon wafer, glass, aluminum-coated silicon)."
            },
            "pre_treatment": {
              "type": "string",
              "description": "Pre-treatment applied to the substrate (e.g., plasma cleaning, UV ozone, drying)."
            },
            "dimensions": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Dimensions of the substrate.",
              "properties": {
                "length": {
                  "type": "object",
                  "description": "Length of the substrate.",
                  "properties": {
                    "value": {
                      "type": "number",
                      "description": "Value of the length."
                    },
                    "unit": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Unit of length (e.g., mm, cm)."
                    }
                  },
                  "required": [
                    "value",
                    "unit"
                  ]
                },
                "width": {
                  "type": "object",
                  "description": "Width of the substrate.",
                  "properties": {
                    "value": {
                      "type": "number",
                      "description": "Value of the width."
                    },
                    "unit": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Unit of width (e.g., mm, cm)."
                    }
                  },
                  "required": [
                    "value",
                    "unit"
                  ]
                },
                "thickness": {
                  "type": "object",
                  "description": "Thickness of the substrate.",
                  "properties": {
                    "value": {
                      "type": "number",
                      "description": "Value of the thickness."
                    },
                    "unit": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Unit of thickness (e.g., µm, mm)."
                    }
                  },
                  "required": [
                    "value",
                    "unit"
                  ]
                }
              },
              "unevaluatedProperties": false
            }
          },
          "required": [
            "type"
          ],
          "unevaluatedProperties": false
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "polymer_matrix",
        "dispersed_phase",
        "solvent_system",
        "substrate"
      ],
      "unevaluatedProperties": false
    },
    "process_parameters": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Parameters related to the solvent-casting process, organized into major categories.",
      "properties": {
        "solution_preparation": {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Polymer dissolution and solution preparation.",
          "properties": {
            "temperature": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Temperature during solution preparation.",
              "properties": {
                "value": {
                  "type": "number",
                  "description": "Value of the temperature."
                },
                "unit": {
                  "type": "string",
                  "description": "Unit of temperature (e.g., °C, K)."
                }
              },
              "required": [
                "value",
                "unit"
              ]
            },
            "duration": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Duration of solution preparation.",
              "properties": {
                "value": {
                  "type": "number",
                  "description": "Value of the duration."
                },
                "unit": {
                  "type": "string",
                  "description": "Unit of duration (e.g., min, h)."
                }
              },
              "required": [
                "value",
                "unit"
              ]
            },
            "method": {
              "type": "string",
              "description": "Method used for solution preparation (e.g., magnetic stirring, heating)."
            }
          },
          "unevaluatedProperties": false
        },
        "dispersion_mixing": {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Filler dispersion and mixing techniques (e.g., sonication, shear mixing).",
          "properties": {
            "method": {
              "type": "array",
              "items": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "description": "Dispersion techniques applied (e.g., sonication, high-shear mixing)."
            },
            "duration": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Duration of the dispersion process.",
              "properties": {
                "value": {
                  "type": "number",
                  "description": "Value of the duration."
                },
                "unit": {
                  "type": "string",
                  "description": "Unit of duration (e.g., min, h)."
                }
              },
              "required": [
                "value",
                "unit"
              ]
            },
            "power": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Power input for sonication or high-shear mixing.",
              "properties": {
                "value": {
                  "type": "number",
                  "description": "Value of the power."
                },
                "unit": {
                  "type": "string",
                  "description": "Unit of power (e.g., W, %)."
                }
              },
              "required": [
                "value"
              ]
            },
            "temperature": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Temperature during dispersion.",
              "properties": {
                "value": {
                  "type": "number",
                  "description": "Value of the temperature."
                },
                "unit": {
                  "type": "string",
                  "description": "Unit of temperature (e.g., °C, K)."
                }
              },
              "required": [
                "value",
                "unit"
              ]
            },
            "degassing": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Degassing process to remove entrapped air.",
              "properties": {
                "method": {
                  "type": "string",
                  "description": "Method used for degassing (e.g., vacuum, centrifugation)."
                },
                "duration": {
                  "type": "object",
                  "description": "Duration of degassing.",
                  "properties": {
                    "value": {
                      "type": "number",
                      "description": "Value of the degassing duration."
                    },
                    "unit": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Unit of duration (e.g., min, h)."
                    }
                  },
                  "required": [
                    "value",
                    "unit"
                  ]
                },
                "pressure": {
                  "type": "object",
                  "description": "Pressure during degassing.",
                  "properties": {
                    "value": {
                      "type": "number",
                      "description": "Value of the pressure during degassing."
                    },
                    "unit": {
                      "type": "string",
                      "description": "Unit of pressure (e.g., mbar, Pa)."
                    }
                  },
                  "required": [
                    "value",
                    "unit"
                  ]
                }
              },
              "required": [
                "method"
              ]
            }
          },
          "required": [
            "method"
          ],
          "unevaluatedProperties": false
        },
        "casting_deposition": {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Film formation methods (e.g., spin coating, drop casting, doctor blading).",
          "properties": {
            "method_name": {
              "type": "string",
              "description": "Casting method (e.g., spin coating, doctor blade, drop casting)."
            },
            "parameters": {
              "type": "array",
              "description": "Method-dependent parameters, each with name, value, and unit.",
              "items": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                  "name": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Parameter name (e.g., spin_speed, spin_time, blade_gap)."
                  },
                  "value": {
                    "type": "number",
                    "description": "Parameter value."
                  },
                  "unit": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Unit of the parameter (e.g., RPM, seconds, µm)."
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "name",
                  "value",
                  "unit"
                ],
                "unevaluatedProperties": false
              }
            }
          },
          "required": [
            "method_name"
          ],
          "unevaluatedProperties": false
        },
        "solvent_removal_drying": {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Solvent evaporation and drying conditions.",
          "properties": {
            "multi_step_drying": {
              "type": "array",
              "description": "Multiple drying steps with varying conditions.",
              "items": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                  "step": {
                    "type": "integer",
                    "description": "Step number in the drying process."
                  },
                  "temperature": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "description": "Temperature during drying",
                    "properties": {
                      "value": {
                        "type": "number",
                        "description": "Value of the temperature for this step."
                      },
                      "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Unit of temperature (e.g., °C, K)."
                      }
                    },
                    "required": [
                      "value",
                      "unit"
                    ]
                  },
                  "duration": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "description": "Duration of drying process",
                    "properties": {
                      "value": {
                        "type": "number",
                        "description": "Value of the duration for this step."
                      },
                      "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Unit of duration (e.g., min, h)."
                      }
                    },
                    "required": [
                      "value",
                      "unit"
                    ]
                  },
                  "atmosphere": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Atmosphere during this drying step (e.g., air, nitrogen, vacuum)."
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "step",
                  "temperature",
                  "duration"
                ]
              }
            }
          },
          "required": [
            "multi_step_drying"
          ],
          "unevaluatedProperties": false
        },
        "post_treatment": {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Post-processing steps such as annealing or curing.",
          "properties": {
            "multi_step_processing": {
              "type": "array",
              "description": "Multiple post-treatment steps with varying conditions.",
              "items": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                  "method": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Post-treatment method (e.g., annealing, curing)."
                  },
                  "temperature": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "description": "Temperature during post-treatment",
                    "properties": {
                      "value": {
                        "type": "number",
                        "description": "Value of the heating temperature."
                      },
                      "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Unit of temperature (e.g., °C, K)."
                      }
                    },
                    "required": [
                      "value",
                      "unit"
                    ]
                  },
                  "duration": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "description": "Duration of post-treatment",
                    "properties": {
                      "value": {
                        "type": "number",
                        "description": "Value of the heating duration."
                      },
                      "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Unit of duration (e.g., min, h)."
                      }
                    },
                    "required": [
                      "value",
                      "unit"
                    ]
                  },
                  "ramp_rate": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "description": "Heating ramp rate.",
                    "properties": {
                      "value": {
                        "type": "number",
                        "description": "Value of the ramp rate."
                      },
                      "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "Unit of ramp rate (e.g., °C/min)."
                      }
                    },
                    "required": [
                      "value",
                      "unit"
                    ]
                  },
                  "atmosphere": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "Atmosphere during post-treatment (e.g., air, nitrogen, vacuum)."
                  },
                  "parameters": {
                    "type": "array",
                    "description": "Additional method-specific parameters.",
                    "items": {
                      "type": "object",
                      "properties": {
                        "name": {
                          "type": "string",
                          "description": "Parameter name."
                        },
                        "value": {
                          "type": [
                            "number",
                            "string"
                          ],
                          "description": "Parameter value."
                        },
                        "unit": {
                          "type": "string",
                          "description": "Unit of the parameter."
                        }
                      },
                      "required": [
                        "name",
                        "value"
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                },
                "required": [
                  "method"
                ]
              }
            }
          },
          "required": [
            "multi_step_processing"
          ],
          "unevaluatedProperties": false
        },
        "ambient_conditions": {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Environmental conditions during casting.",
          "properties": {
            "temperature": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Ambient temperature.",
              "properties": {
                "value": {
                  "type": "number",
                  "description": "Value of the temperature."
                },
                "unit": {
                  "type": "string",
                  "description": "Unit of temperature (e.g., °C, K)."
                }
              },
              "required": [
                "value",
                "unit"
              ]
            },
            "humidity": {
              "type": "object",
              "description": "Relative humidity.",
              "properties": {
                "value": {
                  "type": "number",
                  "description": "Value of the relative humidity.",
                  "maximum": 100
                },
                "unit": {
                  "type": "string",
                  "description": "Unit of relative humidity (%)."
                }
              },
              "required": [
                "value",
                "unit"
              ]
            },
            "controlled": {
              "type": "boolean",
              "description": "Whether ambient conditions were controlled (true/false).",
              "default": false
            }
          },
          "unevaluatedProperties": false
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "solution_preparation",
        "dispersion_mixing",
        "casting_deposition",
        "solvent_removal_drying",
        "post_treatment"
      ],
      "unevaluatedProperties": false
    },
    "output_characteristics": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Properties of the resulting composite film.",
      "properties": {
        "film_thickness": {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Final thickness of the composite film.",
          "properties": {
            "value": {
              "type": "number",
              "description": "Value of the film thickness."
            },
            "unit": {
              "type": "string",
              "description": "Unit of film thickness (e.g., nm, µm)."
            }
          },
          "required": [
            "value",
            "unit"
          ]
        },
        "film_uniformity": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Qualitative assessment of film uniformity (e.g., uniform, non-uniform, defects present)."
        },
        "defects": {
          "type": "array",
          "description": "List of observed defects (e.g., cracks, pinholes, agglomerates).",
          "items": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        },
        "particle_dispersion": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Qualitative assessment of filler dispersion (e.g., homogeneous, agglomerated)."
        },
        "key_properties": {
          "type": "array",
          "description": "Generalized properties of the film, extracted from literature or experiments.",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
              "property_name": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "Property name (e.g., Young's modulus, tensile strength, piezoelectric coefficient, band_gap_energy, refractive_index, optical_conductivity, electrical_conductivity, saturation_magnetization, remanent_magnetization, coercivity)."
              },
              "value": {
                "type": "number",
                "description": "Value of the property."
              },
              "unit": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "Unit of the property (e.g., GPa, MPa, pC/N, eV, S/cm, emu/g, T)."
              },
              "test_method": {
                "type": "string",
                "description": "Method used to measure the property (e.g., tensile test, DMA, UV-Vis spectroscopy, VSM)."
              }
            },
            "required": [
              "property_name",
              "value"
            ],
            "unevaluatedProperties": false
          }
        },
        "film_characterization_techniques": {
          "type": "array",
          "description": "List of characterization techniques used to analyze the film (e.g., SEM, XRD, AFM, TEM, FTIR, UV-Vis, VSM).",
          "items": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "film_thickness",
        "key_properties"
      ],
      "unevaluatedProperties": false
    },
    "equipment": {
      "type": "array",
      "description": "List of all equipment used for both fabrication and characterization, linked to process steps.",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "name": {
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Name or type of equipment (e.g., spin coater, ultrasonic probe, AFM, XRD, VSM)."
          },
          "model": {
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Model number or brand of the equipment."
          },
          "manufacturer": {
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Manufacturer of the equipment."
          },
          "associated_process": {
            "type": "string",
            "description": "Process step associated with this equipment (e.g., solution_preparation, casting_deposition, characterization)."
          }
        },
        "required": [
          "name",
          "associated_process"
        ],
        "unevaluatedProperties": false
      }
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "materials",
    "process_parameters",
    "output_characteristics",
    "equipment"
  ],
  "unevaluatedProperties": false
}